三、饮食平衡：饮食平衡：吃喝供需合理。饮食平衡也是人生乐趣及修养水平所在。
3. Diet balance: a reasonable demand-supply of food. It is where happiness in life lies and a reflection of personal cultivation.
“民以食为天”，饮食乃人生头等大事。但迄今为止，好多人还是不很明白：怎样 “吃喝”才算是“好”。我们认为：“既要满足需求、又能不损健康”才是“好”。方法是观需施与、适当调剂。理性为主、感性为辅。
“Food is the basic need of man”, or the prime want. But today, many still do not know what “good eating and drinking” means to them. We hold that “good” means “meeting the demand while doing no harm to the health”. The method is to supply according to the demand with proper adjustment. Let sense play the main role and sensibility supplement.
人是大自然的产物，人体所含、所需元素有60多种，这些元素基本与地球所含元素一一对应。但这些元素却分别储存于各种杂粮、杂菜之中。这就是为什么人们应当、也比较喜欢吃杂粮、杂菜、家常便饭的真正原因。专家也建议：一个人每天至少应该吃30种以上的食物，才能全面摄取人体所需营养。而食物中的蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素、无机盐、水和膳食纤维只有“种类齐全、比例适当、协同作用”，才能充分发挥食物的营养作用。人们如果偏食，则是营养总量再多也是“营养缺乏”。
Human beings are the product of nature. The human body has and needs more than 60 kinds of elements, which by and large coincide with those the earth has. Since these elements are contained in various grains and vegetables, people need and like to eat coarse cereals, vegetable and potlucks. Experts also suggest one eat more than 30 kinds of food every day if he wants to ingest the nutrition needed by his body. The protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin, inorganic salt, water and meal fiber in the food can not be fully utilized unless people eat diversified food with proper proportions for joint effects. Partiality for a particular kind of food will result in “nutrition deficiency” though the total quantity of nutrition may be high.
古人讲“药食同源”，为避免酸碱失衡影响健康，有必要酸碱食物合理搭配。水果、蔬菜中大量含有钾、钠、钙、镁等矿物元素，是带阳离子的氧化物。故它们是碱性食品。而大部分肉、鱼、蛋等动物食品和大米制品则带阴离子，属酸性食品。根据酸碱平衡搭配食用对健康大有好处。
Ancient Chinese advocated, “Medicine and food are of the same origin”. To avoid the harms to health caused by acid-alkali imbalance, a proper arrangement of acid and alkali is recommended. Fruit and vegetable are alkali food for they contain a lot of mineral elements such as potassium, natrium, calcium and magnesium that are oxides with positive ions, while rice products and meat, fish, eggs are acid food as they contain negative ions. A balanced arrangement of acid-alkali food is most beneficial to health.
世界卫生组织认为健康有四大基石：合理膳食，适量运动，戒烟限酒，心理平衡。只要做到这四句话，就可能能使高血压减少55%，糖尿病减少50%，脑中风减少75%，肿瘤减少三分之一，平均寿命延长10年以上。但这种文明生活方式应从“小“抓起。富贵人家有充足的生活资料，但如果乱用就会适得其反。普通人家虽然没有过多东西，但如果搭配合理则营养成分一点也不差。
According to the WHO, health is built on four bases: rational diet, appropriate amount of exercise, no smoking and limited amount of liquor, and psychological balance. Once people have met these four requirements, the incidences of high pressure, diabetes, brain stroke and cancers may be reduced by 55%, 50%, 75% and 1/3 respectively, and their average life span will be extended by 10 years. But it should be noted that such a healthy way of life should start with children. Rich families may get just the opposite to what they wish if they blindly utilize their abundant resources, while ordinary families will not lack in nutrition as they make rational nutrition arrangements despite their humble resources.
古人讲，饮食功用为：“增气充虚，强体适腹”。增气——增加能量；充虚——补充消耗、填充空位；强体——保证营养；适腹——满足肠胃、食欲。那么，如何做到饮食平衡呢？
Ancient Chinese held that the functions of diet were to “increase the qi and supplement the weakness, strengthen the body and suit the stomach”. To increase the qi—add energy, supplement the weakness—supply what is already consumed, strengthen the body—guarantee the nutrition, and suit the stomach—satisfy both stomach and appetite. Then, how to ensure a diet balance?
大平衡建议： 首先搞清“想吃与该吃”的关系。“想吃未必该吃”、“该吃又不一定想吃”。但仔细想一想：饮食的目的什么？是为了生存？还是为了享口福？
The Great Balance Theory suggests that one should first of all make clear the relations between “what one wants to eat and what one should eat”. “What one wants to eat may not be what one should eat”, and “what one should eat may not be what one wants to eat”. But think it over please: What is the aim of eating? For subsistence? Or rather for palatability?
如果是为了享口福，那就少考虑“该吃”多考虑“想吃”。但不久就会吃出毛病。如高脂肪、高血脂、高血糖等。如果是为了生存，那就应当克制一点、忍耐一点。做到：该吃为主、想吃为辅。但是，如果人的一生如果只是考虑“该吃”、不考虑“想吃”，又觉得亏了点什么。因此，大平衡从实际出发建议：“该吃”为主、“想吃”为辅较好。即“理性为主、感性为辅”。
If it is for palatability, one will think more about “what one wants to eat” than “what one should eat”, but soon diseases of obesity, hyperlipemia, and hyperglycemia will develop. In consideration of subsistence, one should learn to control himself, and eat more “what one should eat” and less “what one wants to eat”. But if one only cares about “what one should eat” and not “what one wants to eat”, he may feel that he has not fully enjoyed life. That’s why the Great Balance Theory suggests giving more consideration to “what one should eat” than to “what one wants to eat”, or letting sense play the main role and sensibility supplement.
饮食平衡具体建议： 1、主食、副食平衡。2、杂粮、美食平衡。3、甘酸苦辛咸五味平衡。4、饮食快慢、冷热平衡。 5、用餐情绪平衡。
Suggestions to keep diet balance: 1) balance between staple food and non-staple foodstuffs, 2) balance between coarse cereals and cate, 3) balance between sweet, sour, bitter, spicy and salty flavors, 4) balance between cold and hot food with a steady speed of eating, and 5) dining in ease.
古人讲“病从口入”。钟南山院士说，食品安全问题已经是一个非常严重的问题， 如不采取相应办法，再过50年，很多人将生不了孩子。现在男性精子浓度比40年前下降了将近一半。科学家还告诫我们，千万不要用维生素、新鲜水果、蔬菜取代正常饮食。目前人们不是维生素缺乏而是维生素过量，维生素过量同样危害健康。
According to ancient Chinese, “Illness enters through mouth”. Food security has become a severe problem today, said Zhong Nanshan, an expert on respiratory diseases and member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering Science. If no action were taken, many people will not be able to give birth to children in 50 years, he warned, as the sperm density of males today has dropped by nearly half compared with 40 years ago. Scientists also warn people against using vitamins, fresh fruit and vegetable to replace normal food. People of today are not suffering from a vitamin deficiency, but overdose. Vitamin overdose can also cause harms to health.
中国古人说：饮食，不饥不饱为中，营养全面为和。关于饮食随季节变化，古人说：“各因其时之所美。”即某个季节出产的东西，就是人体最需。如有营养缺乏则是：食补为主、药补为辅、不缺不补。这样才能身体健康。这些道理不是不知道、只是难坚持。
Ancient Chinese called it neutral if one felt neither hungry nor full, and harmony if one was well-nourished. Regarding the diet changes along with the four seasons, they believed that the products of a certain season were what the human body needed most. In case of nutrition deficiency, food tonics were first recommended, with medicine tonics as a supplement. No deficiency, no tonic. Only in such ways could a person be healthy. People know these hows and whys clearly, but the difficulty lies in perseverance.
总之，饮食平衡就是能量的补充、分配平衡。做到饮食平衡是人的修养、文明水平的表现，是战胜自己、保障生存、人生乐趣所在。人都说“吃药贵、看病难”，希望医疗部门积极改进。但是，如果我们自己每天、每顿也都能克制过多欲望、注意饮食平衡，岂不是从源头上把住了健康大门。健康就在咱的手中，就看咱能否一如既往地战胜自己！
In one word, diet balance is the balance in supply and distribution of energy. To keep a diet balance is a reflection of one’s cultural civilization and attainment, and is the key to conquer oneself and guarantee one’s subsistence to enjoy happiness in life. People often complain about the difficulty in seeing doctors and the expensive medicines, and call for the medical departments to make improvements. But if everyone could control his desires and pay attention to diet balance for each meal and each day, doesn’t it mean that we can guard our own health from the very source? Good health is under our own control, and the key is self-conquering as always.
如此“饮食平衡之道”，岂不也是“治国之道”。
Isn’t such a “rule of diet balance” similar to that in managing state affairs?
 |
|
