物 理 不 灭 定 律

             Law of Conservation of Matter and Reason 
             —— 向英国剑桥大学教授 霍金先生请教 
    ----- Tentative propositions for the view of Dr. Stephen Hawking of Cambridge University

    摘要：“物质不灭定律”（质能守恒定律）举世公认，但“事出必有因”，既然“物质不灭”，就应该有不灭的道理。
   “物理不灭定律”在“物质不灭定律”、因果理论、“道器不离”等理论基础上综合而成。 
    宇宙一直经历着“生死轮回”。“奇点”也是相对的，“奇点”只是生命宇宙自我运动过程中承前启后的一个节点。 
    [关键词] 物质不灭 物理不灭 公道不灭 
     Abstract:The law of conservation of matter and reason (law of conservation of mass and energy) has won worldwide recognition, and there must be a rational explanation for its principles. 
     Based on the law of conservation of mass, the law of cause and effect and the inseparability of matter and reason, the law of conservation of matter and reason is proposed as an integrated discipline. 
     For the universe, in its cyclic spiral of birth and death, singularity is deciphered as a relative concept, a conjunction in the universe’s self-initiated process of life.
     Keywords: Conservation of mass, conservation of matter and reason, universal law and justice.

    “物质不灭定律”（质能守恒定律） 举世公认，但事出必有因、无因亦无果。既然“物质不灭”，就该有不灭的原因、道理。能够论证“物理不灭定律”并用其造福人类、造福万物，是一件很开心的事情。
    The law of conservation of matter and reason (law of conservation of mass and energy) has won worldwide recognition, and there must be a rational explanation for its principles. In accordance with the universal law of cause and effect, there must be causes for the conservation of matter and reason, and it would be wonderful to explain the causes and utilize the law for the wellbeing of all creatures. 

    一、物理不灭定律
    物——物质、事物、能量、场等宇宙万物总称。
    理——自然规律，宇宙万物存在的原因（产生、运动、转化）。
    不灭——不会消逝、消失。
    定律——人们对客观规律的一种表达方式，通过大量具体事实归纳而成，反映自然规律的内在联系和必然趋势。
    物理不灭定律——物质及其存在之理都不会消灭，只能从一种形式转变为另外的形式。
    物理不灭定律表明：大凡存在，都是物理相融、转化不灭的整体存在。
     I.Law of Conservation of Matter and Reason
     Matter – the collective name for matter, things, energy, force, and all in the cosmos.
     Reason – the law of nature, the reason for the existence of all in the universe (their birth, development and transformation).
     Conservation – matter and reason do not perish.
     Law – the expression of man’s cognition of objective laws, induced from concrete matters of fact to reflect the internal relations and inexorable trends of the law of nature.
     Law of conservation of matter and reason – matter, along with the reason for its existence, does not perish, but migrates from one form to another.
     The law of conservation of matter and reason indicates that the existence of things is the unexceptionally integrated existence of matter and reason, imperishable in the course of perpetual transformation.

   二、物理不灭定律的理论依据
     1.物质不灭定律。“物质不灭定律”亦称“质能守恒定律”，一般表述为：物质不会凭空产生也不会消灭，只能从一种形式转变为另外的形式。 “物质不灭定律”在今天不仅具有自然科学意义，而且还具哲学意义。“物质不灭定律”主要表明：客观存在的物质、能量不会消灭。
     II. Theoretical Foundation for the Law of Conservation of Matter and Reason
     1. Law of conservation of matter and reason According to the law of conservation of matter and reason (law of conservation of mass and energy), matter cannot be created or destroyed, but is only to be found in transformation from one form to another. Both scientifically and philosophically significant for today’s society, the law stresses the imperishability of matter and energy.

    2.因果理论。因果理论认为：事必有因，否则将不会存在。在哲学上，人们把因果理论理解为“引起和被引起”的关系。常用“因为……所以……”表示。一般有“一因多果、多因一果、多因多果、互为因果、自因自果”五种形式。“因果理论”表明：凡事必有因，无因亦无果。
     2. Law of cause and effect The law of cause and effect holds that things do not exist without a reason. In philosophy, this law is usually interpreted as a cause-effect relationship, literally expressed by “because” or “therefore.” Usually there are five cause-effect forms -- single cause for multiple effects, multiple causes for single effect, multiple causes for multiple effects, reciprocal causation, and self-cause and self-effect. The major point of this Law is that everything exists for a particular reason; otherwise it would not have come into being.

    但是，“物质不灭”的原因、道理是什么？根据牛顿力学第三定律可知：物质应该是受到了“不灭之力”的作用。
     因为：a力是改变物体运动状态、形状的根本原因。b力是物体对物体的作用。c力不能脱离物体而存在。d力可以转化但不会消灭。所以，“物质不灭”是受到了可以转化、但不消逝、消失的——不灭之力。
     这个“不灭之力”人们一般称之为：第一推力或第一因。也有人说它是上帝或自然规律。据约翰福音1：1讲：“太初有道，道与神同在，道就是神。” “道”，希腊语为logos，有多种含义，包括说话、计算、共相、规律、理性等等。古希腊哲学家认为：道、logos一种充塞天地、弥漫无形、公平公道的自然法则。约翰福音1：1还常常翻译为：“太初有道，道与上帝同在，道就是上帝”。这样，“道就是神、道就是上帝”，“道、神、上帝、logos”就是同一概念——“规律”的意思。
     Then what is the reason for the indestructibility of matter? According to Newton’s Third Law, matter is influenced by universal force.
     First, force changes the momentum and shape of objects in motion; second, force is an action of one object exerting on the other; third, force does not exist without matter; fourth, force changes into other forms but does not perish. Therefore, the fundamental reason for the indestructibility of matter is that it is influenced by universal force, which transforms itself into other forms in the course of conservation.
     “Universal force” here refers to the “First Push” or “First Cause,” and is argued by some to be God Himself or the law of nature. The Gospel of John (1:1) reads: “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with the deity, and the Word was the deity.” The Greek word for “Word” here is “logos,” with the multiple meanings of speech, calculation, universality, law, reason, and others. According to ancient Greek philosophers, “logos” is the intangible law of nature that applies to the whole universe without exception. Another version of this passage in the Gospel of John (1:1) reads “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.” That is to say, “logos,” “deity” and “God” are all synonyms for “law.”

    斯宾诺莎先生也曾讲：“上帝的本质不是别的，就是自然，尤其是普遍存在于宇宙中的力和规律”。爱因斯坦也多次讲：我相信斯宾诺莎的上帝。这就意味着：上帝与自然规律其实是一回事——对logos和力的不同表达：
     上帝是logos的拟人化表述，自然规律是logos的科学性表达。从道德意义上讲，它们也大体相同，都是主张“公平、公道”。
     综之，因果理论同样表明：物质不灭必有不灭之理。这个“不灭之理”就是：道、logos自然规律——万物生存合力——公道。
     Baruch Spinoza viewed God and nature as two names for the same reality, and universal force and law the omnipresence of God. Einstein also said on various occasions that he believed in Spinoza’s God. God and nature are fundamentally two different expressions of the same entity – God being the personification of “logos,” and the law of nature the scientific embodiment of it. From the ethical perspective, God and nature alike show impartiality to all beings.
     As stated above, the law of cause and effect also proves the presence of reasons for the conservation of matter. “Logos,” or the law of nature, which exerts force upon all beings in the cosmos, is the universal law of the indestructibility of matter.

    3.道器不离——同一事物，既因又果。
     道即规律、道理、原因、体、本、形而上——理。
     器即物质、事物、结果、用、末、形而下——物。
     道器不离：物质与规律、事物与道理、原因与结果、体用、本末……不会分离。“道器不离”表明：不灭之物与其不灭之理不可分离，二者只能相伴相随，从一种形式转变为另外的形式。正所谓：物在理在、物变理变，物理一体、不生不灭。
     3. Integrity of law (Dao) and matter (qi)—— Everything could be cause as well as effect.
     Dao — law, reason, cause, theory, foundation – is the metaphysical representation of principle.
     Qi — matter, object, effect, application, extension – is the physical representation of matter.
     Integrity of law and matter – the inseparability of law and matter, reason and object, cause and effect, theory and application, and foundation and extension. A co-existing pair of entities, matter and reason, accompany each other and are transformed into other forms of being. No reason/law exists without matter, whose changes incur the transformation of reason/law. Law and matter, as integrated entities, cannot be created or destroyed.

     孔子说：“道者，万物之所由也。”李政道先生也曾讲：“物为理之载、理为物之因，物理本一体，失它亦无己。” 德国哲学家黑格尔先生也说：“凡是存在的，都是合理的, 凡是合理的，都是存在的。”甭管什么理，只要存在就总得有个理。《中庸》也讲：“道也者，不可须臾离也，可离非道也”。《系辞上》也讲，道“范围天地之化而不过，曲成万物而不遗”。二程、朱子更讲：“有道须有器；有器须有道。器不是道，但不离道；道不是器，却在器里”，以及熊十力先生的“体用不二”。所有这些都说明：物需有理、理由物显，相依相成、浑然一体。正所谓：道器不离、体用不二、本末如环、理气难分——物理如一，物理互变、具体分析。
     In history, a number of famous personages have held similar ideas about law and matter. Confucius said, “The Dao is the course by which all things should proceed.” (Zhuangzi, “The Old Fisherman”) Tsung-Dao Lee (Li Zhengdao) said, “Matter is a vehicle for reason whereas the reason is the essential cause of matter. Matter and reason are of the same body. Without one, without the other.” In his preface to the Elements of the Philosophy of Right, the German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel argued, “What is reasonable is actual; and what is actual is reasonable.” In The Doctrine of the Mean, a line reads “The path (Dao) may not be left for an instant. If it could be left, it would not be the path (Dao).” As in the first section of The Great Treatise (Xi Ci), “The Dao offers interpretations for all changes under the heavens, and explanations for the law of nature.” Zhu Xi, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi also argued for the inseparability of law and matter, stressing the integrity of the two. Hsiung Shih-li (Xiong Shili) also asserted the inseparability of theory and application. To sum up, Dao, the inseparable law and matter, theory and application, foundation and extension, is an integrated whole of principle and object, in the cyclic motion of transformation.

     “道器不离”表明：不灭之物与其不灭之理如影随形不可分离。
     由1、2、3易知：“物理不灭定律”从理论上讲应该成立。
     “物理不灭定律”公式拟为： E ＝ F E表示物质、能量——物，简称：能。 F 表示规律、合力——理，简称：力（内力+外力）。
     由于自然规律是万物生存合力，而力又不能脱离物体存在，所以：能即力、力即能，能变力变、力变能变，能力一体、不生不灭。
          不灭 —— 物质 —— 能量 —— 能 —— E
          因果 —— 原因 —— 规律 —— 力 —— F
     道器不离 —— 体用 —— 本末 —— 物理 —— E ＝ F
     The integrity of law and matter indicates that matter, along with the reason for its existence, is an inseparable pair of disciplines.
     The conclusion to be drawn from the above is that the law of conservation of matter and reason is theoretically proved, with the formula E=F. In this formula, E represents matter or energy, while F indicates law or force (internal and external forces).
     The law of nature, a universal force for all beings, cannot exist without matter. The force, or energy, develops and is transformed into other forms of being, in endless cycles of momentum.
     Indestructibility – matter – energy – neng (the Chinese word for energy) – E
     Cause and effect – reason – law – force – F
     Integrity of law and matter – theory and application – foundation and extension – matter and reason – E=F

     三、“物理不灭定律”的实践依据
     道通天地有形外。自然界的风云雨雪、水火震灾等，无一不有原因相随；兴盛衰亡自有因。世上没有无缘无故的爱，也没有无缘无故的恨。人类社会的产生、兴盛、衰亡、转化循环，也无一不有道理相随；条件具备物必见。科学试验之所以能够重复实证，也是因为科学家找到了相关事物互变的对应原理、法则。“有诸内，必形于诸外”，人的生老病死、喜怒哀乐、迎来送往，也无一不有原因、道理相随。
     迄今为止，人类还没能证明，事物存在却没有或不需要相应的原因、道理。尽管现实中也存在“偶然”事物，但也定有其因，只是目前没有发现而已。以上这些亘古就有，日后也很难变。
     综上，从理论、实践来看，“物理不灭定律”不但成立且早已存在。
     III.Practical Foundation of the Law of the Conservation of Matter and Reason
     The law of nature applies to all in the cosmos. Natural phenomena of wind, cloud, rain and snow, as well as disasters such as floods, fires and earthquakes, are all attributed to certain reasons. In history, a dynasty’s establishment, development, decline and end also has corresponding reasons. In scientific research, principles and laws concerning the transformation of matter contribute to the repeatability of such experiments. For humans, there is reason for one’s birth, and reason for one’s ageing, deterioration and death. People do not love for no reason, nor do they hate without reason. Their happiness and sorrows are also caused by certain reasons.
     To date, it has not been proved that no reasons are needed for the existence of matter. Even for “accidental occurrences” there are corresponding reasons, just remaining to be found. Since antiquity, reasons have been causing results -- the existence of matter -– and are going to do the same in the future.

     四、物理不灭定律的现实意义
     1.完善理论。过去我们认识到“物质不灭”，今天又认识到“物质不灭的原因、道理也同样相随不灭”。所以今后不但要关注“有形之物”——硬实力，更要同时关注“无形之理”——软实力。而不是只重经济增长、不重道德修养。这使得“物质不灭定律”趋于完善，也更加全面、如实地反映了客观世界，且有望成为沟通自然科学与人文科学一座的桥梁。
     2.再证相对。“物理不灭定律”再次证明，世上不存在绝对的东西，宇宙万物都是“物理一体”的相对存在。二者关系应是酌情而定，而不是一方绝对地决定另一方。而“相对”也是相对的、变化的。即是一个“生生相宜”不断变化的“存在”——平衡。这意味着：科学也应科学地发展，否则照样带来灾难。
     3.索果求因，公道永存。若想求得理想结果，就要首先找准原因。否则就会事与愿违；倘若结果已经出现，就要弄清事实原因。否则可能自食恶果。只有光明正大地从源头上顺藤摸瓜、循序渐进，才能把事情做得更好。从道德意义上讲，“物理不灭”即指“公道不灭”、良知不灭、公平正义不灭——公道永存。人们信仰宗教、主义、理论等，内心实质是追求公道、追求公平正义——原因，目的是为了获得生存、快乐——结果。
     IV. Application of the Law of Conservation of Matter and Reason
     1.Theoretical implications On the basis of the conservation of matter, we have today gone a step further in recognizing the conservation of corresponding reasons that give birth to matter. Our improved recognition of the law of the conservation of matter and reason helps us in our cognition of the world, serving as a bridge between natural science and research into the humanities. For the management of state affairs, it is of equal importance to stress a nation’s “soft power,” rather than solely concentrate on “hard power.” Education and cultivation of national character deserve equal attention as economic growth.
     2.Reconfirmation of the universal relativity principle The law of conservation of matter and reason reconfirms the universal relativity principle, in that all beings exist relatively as integrated matter and reason, and there is no absolute existence in the universe. Matter and reason, integrated and inseparable, do not necessarily determine or define each other. And the relativity principle is not a static concept, but a reality in momentum towards the Great Balance. For the development and application of science, it is crucial to adopt a balanced mode of development. Otherwise, science could be disastrous.
     3.Pursuit of reason and law In everyday life, to achieve desirable results the reasons (causes) must be precisely positioned from the beginning, followed by efforts made in the proper sequence of natural law. From the ethical perspective, human society, supported by the realization of social justice, also abides by the law of matter and reason -- conscience, justice, and the omnipresence of universal law and order. The purpose for people’s belief in religion, theory or ideology, is survival in the first place, social justice, law and order as further demands, and joy and happiness as the ultimate goal.

    五、根据“物理不灭定律”推测“奇点”由来
    目前的宇宙大爆炸理论认为：今日宇宙，约源于前140亿年左右的一次“奇点”大爆炸。大爆炸当时“奇点”外没有物质、没有能量，也没有时间、空间、温度、差别。该“奇点”密度极大,温度极高,能量也极大。“奇点”大爆炸后约1秒时，温度下降到100亿度左右……
    无论宇宙大爆炸理论未来如何，但目前比较明确的是：由于各方程式在“奇点”处失效，所以该理论还不能解释“奇点”如何形成。现根据“物理不灭定律”等探究“奇点”形成，有以下发现：
     V. Speculation of the Origin of Singularity by the Law of Conservation of Matter and Reason
     According to the Big Bang model, the universe today came into existence after an explosion from a singular point 14 billion years ago. The singular point, or singularity, was in an extremely dense and hot state, apart from which no other forms of matter, energy, time, space or temperature existed. About one second after the explosion, temperatures dropped to 10 billion degrees.
     To date, the Big Bang theory still cannot offer convincing explanations for the formation of the singular point, for no known formulas are valid on that point. Yet investigating the question from the perspective of the law of conversation of matter and reason, the following findings may offer some tentative suggestions about the formation of the singularity.

    1.“奇点”也是相对的。据哈勃望远镜观察：宇宙今天还在膨胀。这说明：宇宙昨天比今天小、前天又比昨天小……由“极值理论”知：今日宇宙应该有“奇点”经历，今日宇宙有可能源于“奇点”大爆炸；再据“相对理论”：万物都是相对的，“奇点”当然也应是相对的，当时“奇点”应该是今日“宇宙”起点、但同时又是“前一宇宙”终点……如2006年5月5 日，美国普林斯顿大学的波尔?施泰恩加德和英国剑桥大学的尼尔?图尔克两名理论物理学家在美国《科学》杂志共同发文指出：宇宙大爆炸不止发生过一次，宇宙一直经历着“生死轮回”的过程。宇宙大爆炸并非宇宙诞生的绝对起点，而只是宇宙的一次新生。也即宇宙运动如环无端，“奇点”既非宇宙绝对起点也非绝对终点，只是生命宇宙自我运动过程中承前启后的一个节点。以上这些说明；奇点也是相对的。
    1. Singularity is a relative concept.
    As observed by the Hubble Space Telescope, the universe is still expanding today. Under the extremum theory, the universe would have been derived from a singular point at some finite time in the past. The singular point, according to the theory of relativity, should also be a relative concept. It was the start of the present universe as well as the end of the last universe. In their article “Why the Cosmological Constant Is Small and Positive” (Science 26 May 2006: Vol. 312. no. 5777, pp. 1180 - 1183), Paul J. Steinhardt (Princeton U.) and Neil Turok (Cambridge U., DAMTP) proposed a cyclic model for the development of the universe, arguing that the Big Bang was not an absolute start, but one of many beginnings in the cycle. Rather than an absolute beginning or a definite end, the singularity is a relative concept, a stage in the cyclic momentum of the universe.

    2.“奇点”外面有能量、时空。大爆炸理论讲：当时“奇点”的密度极大、温度极高，能量也极大，大爆炸后约1秒时，“奇点”温度就降到了100亿度左右……
    那么，是什么东西使得“奇点”温度在1秒左右下降到100亿度左右？又有什么东西能够控制100亿度的“奇点”能量？由牛顿第三定律（作用力与反作用力定律）可知：
    当时“奇点”之外，必有一个相当的“反作用力”。否则，一是“牛顿第三定律”将不能成立，二是无法解释“奇点”温度急剧下降之因，“因果理论”也不能成立，三是由于上述两个原因，使得“宇宙大爆炸”理论也难以成立。
    2. Energy and space existed outside the singular point.
    According to the Big Bang model, the universe expanded from an extremely dense and hot state of energy. About one second after the explosion, the temperature dropped to 10 billion degrees.
    Now the questions are put forward: What caused the fall in temperature? And what countered the energy break of the singularity?
    According to Newton’s Third Law (For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.), there must have been a counterforce at the singular point when the explosion occurred; otherwise the temperature would not have dropped, and that would have violated Newton’s Third Law and the law of cause and effect.

    由于“力不能脱离物体、能量而存在”，所以，当时“奇点”之外的“反作用力”由“反能量”产生。这说明“奇点”外有能量。如把“奇点”称为明物质、明能量——正能量，那“奇点”外的物质、能量就应是暗物质、暗能量——负能量或反能量。英国物理学家霍金先生也认为：宇宙中的物质具有正负能量，且正能量E约等于负能量-E，总能量约等于零。
    既然“奇点”外有物质、正负能量，那它之外就必然有时空、温度差。也正是这物质、能量的温度差作用，产生了无奇不有的芸芸万物。
    Because force cannot exist without matter or energy, when the Big Bang occurred, the “counterforce” outside the singularity must have been generated by a certain “counter energy.” If the singularity is considered as positive energy/matter, then the counterforce is negative in contrast. According to Dr. Hawking, the universe is composed of roughly equal quantities of matter with positive energy (+E) and negative energy (-E).
    Apart from matter with positive and negative energies, the singularity was also accompanied by space and temperature. Matter and energy, together with temperature differences, are the true creators of the cosmos.

    3、 奇点由明暗能量旋凝而成。
    由于“奇点”向四面八方大爆炸，所以，当时“奇点”是受到了与大爆炸方向相反的外力——反作用力，该力由正负能量的“温度差”引起，且与奇点大爆炸产生的力——作用力“此消彼长”、全位胀缩、基本相等。从目前发现的星系、星云等呈现的UFO“扁平螺旋状”来看：星系、星云膨胀也是受到了外界：全方位、反方向旋凝的压力。它们之所以呈UFO“扁平螺旋状”运动，是因为这种状态最省力、最省能量、最利于自我生存。星系若逆时针旋转，可拓展至尽可能大，而顺时针旋转则终将旋凝为“奇点”。推而广之，整个宇宙亦是如此，这样，“奇点”有了产生的可能。
    3. The singularity is condensed positive and negative energies.
    When the Big Bang occurred, against the explosive energy was a counterforce caused by temperature differences between positive and negative energies. The counteraction force (explosive force) and reaction force (counterforce) eventually came to a balanced state -- the present universe. To date, all known galaxies and nebulae are unexceptionally flat spirals, pressed and condensed into their forms by dimensional forces. The “flat spiral” model for galaxies and nebulae is effort- and energy-saving, requisite for their conservation. The formation process of galaxies is reversible: anticlockwise rotation leads to infinity in scale, while clockwise rotation would condense the whole galaxy to a singular point. Accordingly, our universe today would have probably come into being after such a singular point was formed, through a clockwise rotation at some finite time in antiquity.

    据physorg网站2007年1月31日报道，美国北卡罗来纳大学文学和科学院著名物理学教授保罗.法拉姆顿博士和路易斯.J.罗宾及研究生罗伊斯.鲍姆共同提出了一个宇宙可能在不断膨胀和收缩的循环模式：膨胀、逆转、收缩和反弹。
    2007年7月9日 美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学的理论物理学家马丁?波乔瓦尔德在新一期《自然物理学》上发文称：大爆炸并不是时间的起点，宇宙可能有着无限的过去与未来。
    In the report “No Big Bang? Endless Universe Made Possible by New Model (January 30, 2007, www.physorg.com),” UNC physicists proposed a new model for the universe. The cyclic model proposed by Dr. Paul Frampton, Louis J. Rubin Jr. distinguished professor of physics in UNC's College of Arts & Sciences, and co-author Lauris Baum, a UNC graduate student in physics, has four key parts: expansion, turnaround, contraction and bounce.
    In his article “What Happened Before the Big Bang?” in Nature Physics , July 9, 2007, Martin Bojowald, a physicist at Pennsylvania State University, argued that the Big Bang was not the origin of the universe, which has an infinite past and an infinite future.

    明暗能量旋凝的具体过程：……奇点——大爆炸——给外部暗物质、暗能量“由强到弱”的作用力——暗物质、暗能量同时回应“由弱到强”的反作用力，致使爆炸物膨胀旋转至尽可能大——产生反旋凝、产生大坍缩 —— 特定瞬间旋凝为新奇点——新奇点再大爆炸……呈现往返式“烟花宇宙新模型”：……奇点大爆炸至最大，星系大坍缩至最小……
    The formation process of positive and negative energies is detailed as follows: singularity – Big Bang – acting force declining in magnitude applied to negative matter and energy – negative matter and energy counteracting reaction force increasing in magnitude towards infinity of expansion – anti-condensing and the Big Crunch – birth of a new singularity – explosion of a new singularity. The process presents a “firework universe”: singularity expands to infinity - galaxy collapses and shrinks to a new singularity.

    结论：奇点也是相对的，大爆炸前奇点外有物质、有能量、有时空、有温差，奇点由“内因”——明暗物质、正负能量自然旋凝而成。
    Conclusion: Condensed from positive and negative energies, the singularity is a relative concept, outside which, before the Big Bang, there was matter, energy, space and temperature.

    【参考文献】

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    ( 李继兴 北京大学中国平衡论研究中心主任 研究员 北京大学世界现代化进程研究中心客座研究员 )
    ( LiJixing Theory Balance about director in beijing university research center. World modernized research center of Peking University 2008.1.06 清华大学创新大厦)